Beimtorced-concrete ship



G. C. AND R. E. NEWTON. REINFORCED CONCRETE SHIP. APPLICATION FILED AUG.Z4. l9l8- 1,303,369, Patented May 13, 1919.

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G. C. AND R. E. NEWTON. REINFORCED CONCRETE SHIP.

APPLICATION man AUG.24. ma.

Patented May 13, 1919:

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UNITED STATES PATENT onnron.

GEORGE C. NEWTON AND RALPH E. NEWTON, OF MILWAUKEE, WISCONSIN.

REINFORCED-CONCRETE SHIP.

Application filed August 24, 1918.

T 0 all whom it may concern:

Be it known that we, GEORGE O. NEWTON and RALPH E. NEWTON, citizens of the skin or sheathing of the ship is subjectedare taken care of by a minimum amount of reinforcement arranged in a minimum number of sets, so that the cost of material and labor in the construction of the ship is reduced and the ability of the ship skin or sheathing to withstand these diverse stresses is increased.

In ship construction, the skin or sheathing of the hull, in addition to its straight com pression and tension stresses, is subjected to at least five varieties of stresses:

1. Outside pressure, tending to produce inward bending especially, between ribs;

2. Inside pressure, tending to produce outward bending, especially between ribs;

3. Shear;

L. Torsion;

5. Stresses of expansion and contraction due to difl'erences in temperature.

The tendencies to inward and outward bending rarely balance at any particular point, and either may predominate depending on thenature ofthe loading and on the variations in the external water pressure; and the resultant tendency at any particular point may fluctuate rapidly from positive to negative when the ship is in use. Similarly, the shear and torsion stresses may fluctuate rapidly in direction and amount. The tent pe 'ature stresses fluctuate less rapidly.

We take care of all these stresses by two sets or layers of rods, which are spaced apart and located respectively near the inner and outer surfaces of the skin orsheathing and respectively extend in opposite oblique or spiral directions with respect to the longitudinal axis of the ship.. These two sets of rods are not a meshwork, inasmuch as they lie in separated planes. The angle by which the bars of the two sets diverge from the longitudinal axis is chosen so as to give the proper component strengths to resist bend ing, shear, and torsion;

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented May 13, 1919.

Serial No. 251,212.

The accompanying drawings illustrate our lnvention.

Figure 1 is a transverse vertical section through a simple form of concrete ship which is reinforced in accordance with our invention; Fig. 2 is a fragmentary longitudinal section through such ship, taken at an intermediate height between the bottom and the deck; Fig. 3 is a perspective View of a portion of the ship skin, showing the location of the two sets of rods with respect to each other and to the skin surfaces; Fig. 4: is a fragmentary section through the ship skin, while the mold forms are yet in place, showing a simple form of spacing device for properly spacing the two layers of rods with respect to each other and to the skin surfaces; and Fig. 5 is a section on the line 5-5 of Fig. 4, showing only the rods and the spacer.

The simple ship shown has an outer skin 10 consisting of a bottom 11 and sides 12, with the upper edges of the sides connected by a deck 13; and various cross frames or ribs 14 which bear against the inner faces of the skin and deck. The details of the frames or ribs 14 and their attachment to the skin and deck form no part of the present invention, so that these ribs are shown merely conventionally. The ribs 14: are spaced at proper intervals along the longitudinal axis of the ship, and extend perpendicularly to such longitudinal axis; and though as shown they are monolithic with the skin, that is not essential. The bottom 11 and sides 12 of the skin. are shown as monolithic, which is the preferred construction, and merge into each other by any suitable curves to produce the desired shape of the ship; and the deck 13 is shown as integral with the sides 12,

thQl gh this is not essential. Embedded in the skin 10, both in the bottom 11 and the sides 12, andpreferably also embedded in the deck 13, are two sets oftension rods 15 and 16. The tension rods 15 are located near the inner face of the concrete walk-skin 0r deckin which they are embedded, and extend substantially parallel to one another in an oblique direction. with regard to the longitiidinalaxis of the ship; considering the entire ship skin, the rods 15 extend in a general helical direction with re spect to such longitudinal axis. The tension rods 16, of the other set, are located near the outer faceof the same concrete walhand 110 extend substantially parallel to one another in the oppositely oblique direction with regard to such longitudinal axis; considering the entire ship skin, the rods 16 extend in an oppositely helical direction from the rods 15 with respect to such longitudinal axisas shown, the rods 15 forming left-hand helixes andthe rods 16- right-hand helixes. The rods 15 and 16 both preferably extend continuously from one side 12 through the bottom 11 to the other side 12; and may extend continuously from one side 12 to the other through the deck 13.

These two sets of tension rods 15 and 16 take care of all the stresses to which the ship skin is subjected. They have components in both longitudinal and transverse directions, so that they resist any straight tension in the usual manner of steel in concrete, the concrete taking the compression. The rods 15, extending across the spaces between the ribs 14 and being near the inner face of the skin 10and perhaps of the deck 13resist external pressures, tending to produce inward bending between such ribs. Similarly, the rods 16, extending across such spaces andbeing near the outerface of the skin 10and perhaps of the deck 13resist internal pressures, tending to produce outward bending between such ribs; moreover, and perhaps even more essentially, they resist the convex bending which tends to occur over the ribson the outer surface when external pres-.

sures tend to produce inward bending between the ribs. The two sets of rods do this by their components parallel to the 1011-. gitudinal axis of the ship. In addition, by their components at right, angles to such longitudinal axis they supplement the action.

of the ribs 1 1 in respectively resisting in-. ward and outward bending in the line of such ribs. These same rods by both their longitudinal and transversecomponents serve effectively to resist stresses due to temperature. changes. Furthermore, these same sets of rods effectively resist shearing and torsional stressesfor shear and torsion are best resisted by tension bars running diagonally across and opposed to the direction of shear or torsion. Thus upon a tendency to shear off downwarda longitudinal section of the ship, such shearingtendency is resisted bythe oblique tension rods which extend from that portion upward to the adjacent portions-t e rods 15in front and 16 behind on one side of the ship, and the rods 16 in front and 15 behind on the other side. Nearly the sameaction takes place in case of torsion stresses between. the two ends of the ship, or any two longitudinal portions there. of, torsion stresses in one direction being resisted by the inner set of rods 15 and those in the other by the outer set of rods 16. Thus the two separated sets of obliquely extendingrods, near theinner and outer skin surfaces respectively, take care of all the tension stresses which are produced.

In order to hold the inner and outer layers of rods 15 and 16 in proper position with respect to each other and to the surfaces of the wall in which they are embedded, we provide a suitable spacing device, of which one convenient form is illustrated in Figs. 4c and 5. The spacing device shown in such figures consists of a channel-shaped bar 20, the outer faces of the side walls of which are spaced apartby a distance equal to the distances between the planes of the innermost faces of the two layers of rods 15 and 16, so that when the channel 20 is thrust between the two layers of rods they are held apart by that distance. The side walls of the channel 20 are partly cut loose from the body thereof, to provide fingers 21 which are bent over the adjacent tension rods 15 or 16 to hold such rods against spreading too far apart, and with fingers 22 which are bent outward to abut against the inside faces of the mold forms 23 for the inner and outer faces of the wall (skin or deck). The body of the channel 20 may be partly cut away, to assist in the monolithic character of the skin by permitting joining of the concrete on the opposite sides of the spacer, and for economy of material and for lightness, as is indicated in Fig. 1. The form of spacer shown in Fig. 4 is but one of many kinds which can be used, for spacing the two layers of rods apart from each other and for holding them at the desired distance from the adjacent wall faces.

We claim as our invention:

1. A reinforced concrete ship, comprising a concrete skin and deck, cross ribs against the inner face of the skin and deck and spaced apart along the longitudinal axis of the ship, and two separated layers of reinforcing. rods embedded in said skin and deck, one set of rods being near the inner face of said skin and deck and comprising rods extending in one oblique direction with respect to the longitudinal axis of the ship, and the other set of rods being near the outer face of said skin and deck and comprising rods extending in the oppositely oblique direction with respect to such longitudinal axis.

2. A reinforced concrete ship, comprising a concrete skin, crossribs against the inner face of the skin and spaced apart along the longitudinal axis of the ship, and two separated layers of reinforcing rods embedded in said .skin, one set of rods being near the inner face of said skin and comprising rods extending in one oblique direction with respect to the longitudinal axis of the ship, and the other set of rods being near the outer face of said skin and comprising rods extending in the oppositely oblique direction with respect to such longitudinal axis.

3. A reinforced concrete ship, comprising a concrete skin and deck, and two separated layers of reinforcing rods embedded in said skin and deck, one set of rods being near the inner face of said skin and deck and comprising rods extending in one oblique direction with respect to the-longitudinal axis of the ship, and the other set of rods being near the outer face of said skin and deck and comprising rods extending in the oppositely oblique direction with respect to such longitudinal axis.

4. A reinforced concrete ship, comprising a concrete skin, and two separated layers of reinforcing rods embedded in said skin, one set of rods being near the inner face of said skin and comprising rods extending in one oblique direction with respect to the longitudinal axis of the ship, and the other set of rods being near the outer face of said skin and comprising rods extending in the oppositely oblique direction with respect to such longitudinal axis.

5. A reinforced concrete ship, comprising a concrete skin, two separated layers of reinforcing rods embedded in said skin, one set of rods being near the innerface of said skin and comprising rods extending in one oblique direction with respect to the longitudinal axis of the ship, and the other set of rods being near the outer face of said skin and comprising rods extending in the oppositely oblique direction with respect to such longitudinal axis, and spacers interconnecting the two sets of rods to hold them in proper relative position.

6. A reinforced concrete ship, comprising a concrete skin, two separated layers of reinforcing rods embedded in said skin, one set of rods being near the inner face of said skin and comprising rods extending in one oblique direction with respect to the longitudinal axis of the ship, and the other set of rods being near the outer face of said skin and comprising rods extending in the oppositely oblique direction with respect to such longitudinal axis, and spacers for holding the two sets of rods properly spaced from the adjacent wall faces during the pouring of the concrete.

7. A reinforced concrete ship, comprising a concrete skin, two separated layers of rein such longitudinal axis, and spacers interconnecting the two sets of rods to hold them in proper relative position and having projections for engaging the mold forms to hold the two sets of rods at the proper distance from such forms during the pouring of the concrete.

8. A reinforced concrete ship, comprising a concrete skin, and two separated layers of reinforcing rods embedded in said skin, one set of rods beingnear the inner face of said skin, and the other set of rods being near the outer face of said skin, the rods of both sets extending obliquely with respect to the longitudinal axis of the ship.

9. A reinforced concrete ship, comprising a concrete skin, two separated layers of reinforcing rods embedded in said skin, one set of rods being near the inner face of said skin, and the other set of rods being near the outer face of said skin, the rods of both sets extending obliquely with respect to the longitudinal axis of the ship, and spacers interconnecting the two sets of rods to hold them in proper relative position.

10. A reinforced concrete ship, comprising a concrete skin, two separated layers of reinforcingrods embedded in said skin, one set of rods being near the inner face of said skin, and the other set of rods being near the outer face of said skin, the rods of both sets extending obliquely with respect to the longitudinal axis of the ship, and spacers for holding the two sets of rods properly spaced from the adjacent wall faces during the pouring of the concrete.

In witness whereof we have hereunto set our hands at Milwaukee, Wisconsin, this twenty-first day of August, A. D. one thousand nine hundred and eighteen.

GEORGE C. NEWTON. RALPH E. NEWTON.

Copies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressing the "Commissioner of Patents, Washington, D. 0. 

